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Pass Guaranteed Quiz Linux Foundation - High Hit-Rate KCNA - Kubernetes and Cloud Native Associate Fresh Dumps

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Linux Foundation Kubernetes and Cloud Native Associate Sample Questions (Q119-Q124):

NEW QUESTION # 119
Which item is a Kubernetes node component?

A. etcd
B. kube-scheduler
C. kube-proxy
D. kubectl

Answer: C

Explanation:
A Kubernetes node component is a component that runs on worker nodes to support Pods and node-level networking/operations. Among the options, kube-proxy is a node component, so C is correct.
kube-proxy runs on each node and implements parts of the Kubernetes Service networking model. It watches the API server for Service and endpoint updates and then programs node networking rules (iptables/IPVS, or equivalent) so traffic sent to a Service IP/port is forwarded to one of the backend Pod endpoints. This is essential for stable virtual IPs and load distribution across Pods.
Why the other options are not node components:
kube-scheduler is a control plane component; it assigns Pods to nodes but does not run on every node as part of node functionality.
kubectl is a client CLI tool used by humans/automation; it is not a cluster component.
etcd is the control plane datastore; it stores cluster state and is not a per-node workload component.
Operationally, kube-proxy can be replaced by some modern CNI/eBPF dataplanes, but in classic Kubernetes architecture it remains the canonical node-level component for Service rule programming. Understanding which components are node vs control plane is key for troubleshooting: node issues involve kubelet/runtime/kube-proxy/CNI; control plane issues involve API server/scheduler/controller-manager/etcd.
So, the verified node component in this list is kube-proxy (C).

NEW QUESTION # 120
Which of the following sentences is true about namespaces in Kubernetes?

A. All the objects in the cluster are namespaced by default.
B. You can create a namespace within another namespace in Kubernetes.
C. You can create two resources of the same kind and name in a namespace.
D. The default namespace exists when a new cluster is created.

Answer: D

Explanation:
The true statement is C: the default namespace exists when a new cluster is created. Namespaces are a Kubernetes mechanism for partitioning cluster resources into logical groups. When you set up a cluster, Kubernetes creates some initial namespaces (including default, and commonly kube-system, kube-public, and kube-node-lease). The default namespace is where resources go if you don't specify a namespace explicitly.
Option A is false because namespaces are not hierarchical; Kubernetes does not support "namespaces inside namespaces." Option B is false because within a given namespace, resource names must be unique per resource kind. You can't have two Deployments with the same name in the same namespace. You can have a Deployment named web in one namespace and another Deployment named web in a different namespace- namespaces provide that scope boundary. Option D is false because not all objects are namespaced. Many resources are cluster-scoped (for example, Nodes, PersistentVolumes, ClusterRoles, ClusterRoleBindings, and StorageClasses). Namespaces apply only to namespaced resources.
Operationally, namespaces support multi-tenancy and environment separation (dev/test/prod), RBAC scoping, resource quotas, and policy boundaries. For example, you can grant a team access only to their namespace and enforce quotas that prevent them from consuming excessive CPU/memory. Namespaces also make organization and cleanup easier: deleting a namespace removes most namespaced resources inside it (subject to finalizers).
So, the verified correct statement is C: the default namespace exists upon cluster creation.
=========

NEW QUESTION # 121
Which mechanism can be used to automatically adjust the amount of resources for an application?

A. Cluster Autoscaler
B. Vertical Pod Autoscaler (VPA)
C. Kubernetes Event-driven Autoscaling (KEDA)
D. Horizontal Pod Autoscaler (HPA)

Answer: D

Explanation:
The verified answer in the PDF is A (HPA), and that aligns with the common Kubernetes meaning of "adjust resources for an application" by scaling replicas. The Horizontal Pod Autoscaler automatically changes the number of Pod replicas for a workload (typically a Deployment) based on observed metrics such as CPU utilization, memory (in some configurations), or custom/external metrics. By increasing replicas under load, the application gains more total CPU/memory capacity available across Pods; by decreasing replicas when load drops, it reduces resource consumption and cost.
It's important to distinguish what each mechanism adjusts:
* HPA adjusts replica count (horizontal scaling).
* VPA adjusts Pod resource requests/limits (vertical scaling), which is literally "amount of CPU
/memory per pod," but it often requires restarts to apply changes depending on mode.
* Cluster Autoscaler adjusts the number of nodes in the cluster, not application replicas.
* KEDA is event-driven autoscaling that often drives HPA behavior using external event sources (queues, streams), but it's not the primary built-in mechanism referenced in many foundational Kubernetes questions.
Given the wording and the provided answer key, the intended interpretation is: "automatically adjust the resources available to the application" by scaling out/in the number of replicas. That's exactly HPA's role.
For example, if CPU utilization exceeds a target (say 60%), HPA computes a higher desired replica count and updates the workload. The Deployment then creates more Pods, distributing load and increasing available compute.
So, within this question set, the verified correct choice is A (Horizontal Pod Autoscaler).
=========

NEW QUESTION # 122
Which of the following are tasks performed by a container orchestration tool?

A. Store images, scale, and manage the health of containers.
B. Create images, scale, and manage the health of containers.
C. Debug applications, and manage the health of containers.
D. Schedule, scale, and manage the health of containers.

Answer: D

Explanation:
A container orchestration tool (like Kubernetes) is responsible for scheduling, scaling, and health management of workloads, making A correct. Orchestration sits above individual containers and focuses on running applications reliably across a fleet of machines. Scheduling means deciding which node should run a workload based on resource requests, constraints, affinities, taints/tolerations, and current cluster state. Scaling means changing the number of running instances (replicas) to meet demand (manually or automatically through autoscalers). Health management includes monitoring whether containers and Pods are alive and ready, replacing failed instances, and maintaining the declared desired state.
Options B and D include "create images" and "store images," which are not orchestration responsibilities. Image creation is a CI/build responsibility (Docker/BuildKit/build systems), and image storage is a container registry responsibility (Harbor, ECR, GCR, Docker Hub, etc.). Kubernetes consumes images from registries but does not build or store them. Option C includes "debug applications," which is not a core orchestration function. While Kubernetes provides tools that help debugging (logs, exec, events), debugging is a human/operator activity rather than the orchestrator's fundamental responsibility.
In Kubernetes specifically, these orchestration tasks are implemented through controllers and control loops: Deployments/ReplicaSets manage replica counts and rollouts, kube-scheduler assigns Pods to nodes, kubelet ensures containers run, and probes plus controller logic replace unhealthy replicas. This is exactly what makes Kubernetes valuable at scale: instead of manually starting/stopping containers on individual hosts, you declare your intent and let the orchestration system continually reconcile reality to match. That combination-placement + elasticity + self-healing-is the core of container orchestration, matching option A precisely.

NEW QUESTION # 123
What is a Pod?

A. A group of one or more containers within Kubernetes.
B. A single container within Kubernetes.
C. A networked application within Kubernetes.
D. A storage volume within Kubernetes.

Answer: A

Explanation:
A Pod is the smallest deployable/schedulable unit in Kubernetes and consists of a group of one or more containers that are deployed together on the same node-so D is correct. The key idea is that Kubernetes schedules Pods, not individual containers. Containers in the same Pod share important runtime context: they share the same network namespace (one Pod IP and port space) and can share storage volumes defined at the Pod level. This is why a Pod is often described as a "logical host" for its containers.
Most Pods run a single container, but multi-container Pods are common for sidecar patterns. For example, an application container might run alongside a service mesh proxy sidecar, a log shipper, or a config reloader.
Because these containers share localhost networking, they can communicate efficiently without exposing extra network endpoints. Because they can share volumes, one container can produce files that another consumes (for example, writing logs to a shared volume).
Options A and B are incorrect because a Pod is not "an application" abstraction nor is it a storage volume.
Pods can host applications, but they are the execution unit for containers rather than the application concept itself. Option C is incorrect because a Pod is not limited to a single container; "one or more containers" is fundamental to the Pod definition.
Operationally, understanding Pods is essential because many Kubernetes behaviors key off Pods: Services select Pods (typically by labels), autoscalers scale Pods (replica counts), probes determine Pod readiness
/liveness, and scheduling constraints place Pods on nodes. When a Pod is replaced (for example during a Deployment rollout), a new Pod is created with a new UID and potentially a new IP-reinforcing why Services exist to provide stable access.
Therefore, the verified correct answer is D: a Pod is a group of one or more containers within Kubernetes.
=========

NEW QUESTION # 124
......

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